The impact of air travel on the human physiology
Air Travel: Understanding and Managing Health Risks
Air travel can be an exciting adventure, but it's important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with long flights. Here's a guide to help you navigate these risks and stay healthy during your journey.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
One of the most significant concerns is DVT, a condition where blood clots form in the legs due to prolonged sitting. These clots can potentially travel to the lungs, causing a PE. To minimise this risk, the National Health Service suggests wearing loose, comfortable clothing, using compression socks, walking around during long flights, staying hydrated, and performing regular anti-DVT exercises.
Exposure to Germs and Infectious Diseases
Airplanes can be breeding grounds for germs due to the close proximity of passengers. To reduce the risk of infection, practice good hand hygiene, use hand sanitizer, avoid touching the face, and follow relevant health advisories, such as the CDC recommendations.
Sinus and Ear Discomfort
Rapid altitude and pressure changes during takeoff and landing can cause sinus and ear pain or congestion. Dry cabin air exacerbates nasal irritation. To alleviate these issues, stay hydrated, use nasal sprays or decongestants before flying, and avoid flights when severely congested.
Cardiovascular Risks
Travelers with existing heart or lung conditions face higher risks, including possible heart attacks. Long-term exposure to aircraft noise is also linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk. Such travelers should consult healthcare providers before flying and consider noise-reduction strategies if frequently exposed.
Physical Discomfort
Prolonged immobility and cramped conditions can cause muscle stiffness and discomfort. Standing, stretching, and using comfortable seating positions help.
Preventive Measures
In summary, mitigating health risks during air travel involves maintaining mobility, hydration, hygiene, managing sinus and ear pressure, and consulting with healthcare providers if you have pre-existing conditions.
Other Considerations
It's worth noting that people on airplanes may be at risk of acquiring a virus through direct contact with surfaces touched by someone with an active, acute infection. The CDC recommends that individuals with acute or infectious illnesses, such as influenza, delay their travel.
Some people may experience ear discomfort, known as "airplane ear," due to sudden changes in air pressure and altitude during commercial flights. Jet lag occurs when someone's usual daily rhythms do not align with a new time zone, causing problems with mood, concentration, and tiredness. It typically arises when traveling across at least three time zones.
Further research is necessary to determine the exact dehydrating effect of flying. Flying can have various adverse effects on someone's health, but illness as a direct result of flying is not common.
By being aware of these risks and taking appropriate precautions, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable air travel experience. Happy travels!
[1] National Health Service. (2021). Deep Vein Thrombosis. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/ [2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Traveler's Health. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/travel/ [3] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Ear Barotrauma. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-barotrauma/symptoms-causes/syc-20373004 [4] World Health Organization. (2021). Noise. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noise [5] British Heart Foundation. (2021). Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). Retrieved from https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt
