Rising cases of Chikungunya in China, consideration for enhanced alertness being contemplated
In the heart of China's Guangdong Province, a chikungunya fever outbreak has been reported, particularly in Foshan, a bustling manufacturing hub. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has issued a level 2 travel alert, urging travellers to practice enhanced precautions, as the disease has been identified in more than 110 countries worldwide.
Chikungunya fever is an acute infectious disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, specifically the yellow fever mosquito and the Asian tiger mosquito. Symptoms include high fever, headache, joint pain, joint swelling, rash, muscle pain, nausea, and fatigue.
The outbreak in Guangdong Province has been growing rapidly. Last week, there were 2,892 new cases, bringing the total to 7,716 cases this year. The majority of these cases, approximately 2,770, have been reported from Foshan, with the remaining 65 cases from Guangzhou.
The primary risk factors for severe illness from Chikungunya virus infection include older age (above 65 years), very young age (neonates and infants), and pre-existing health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, chronic illnesses, or joint diseases. Pregnancy and breastfeeding may also be additional considerations for risk. Severe complications that may arise in higher-risk individuals include respiratory failure, bleeding, brain inflammation, liver inflammation, eye problems, and chronic joint pain. The mortality rate is low but increases in these vulnerable groups, with approximately 1 in 1,000 cases resulting in death and more frequent severe outcomes among the elderly, neonates, and those with comorbidities.
Taiwan, geographically close to China and home to mosquitoes that transmit the chikungunya virus, is paying close attention to the outbreak. As of yesterday, Taiwan has reported 16 cases of chikungunya this year, all of which were brought in from other countries. The recent typhoon and heavy rainfall in Taiwan increase the risk of spreading mosquito-borne diseases.
The CDC in Taiwan is considering raising the travel notice level in response to the outbreak in China. There is no specific antiviral treatment for chikungunya virus infections; only medications to alleviate symptoms are available. Severe joint pain from chikungunya fever could last weeks, months, or even years in some patients.
It is crucial for individuals to take necessary precautions, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and eliminating standing water around homes, to reduce the risk of infection. The CDC advises travellers to stay informed and follow local guidance regarding chikungunya fever prevention.
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