Kiwifruit Allergic Reaction: Recognizing Signs, Triggers, and When to Seek Medical Advice
In the world of fruit, kiwifruit, also known as Chinese gooseberry, is a nutrient-rich delight native to China. However, for some individuals, this seemingly harmless fruit can pose a significant health risk.
Kiwi allergies are a common cause of oral allergy syndrome (OAS), a type of pollen-food allergy syndrome. Symptoms of a kiwi allergy can include a prickly, itchy, or tingling feeling in and around the mouth, and development of a rash in areas where the skin made contact with the fruit. In severe cases, reactions can lead to life-threatening responses such as anaphylaxis, characterised by symptoms including tingling in the mouth and throat that leads to swelling, numbness in the tongue, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing, severe abdominal pain or cramps, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, a sudden drop in blood pressure, a fast heart rate, dizziness or loss of consciousness.
Cross-sensitivity with kiwi allergies can occur due to the phenomenon of oral allergy syndrome (OAS). This syndrome often involves cross-reactivity between certain fruits, vegetables, and nuts, and specific pollen allergens. Common foods that may cause cross-sensitivity with kiwi due to their similar allergenic proteins include apples, bananas, tomatoes, and peaches.
For those with a kiwi allergy, it is crucial to check ingredient labels before trying new foods or drinks, inform restaurant staff if they have a severe allergy, and tell family and friends to help prevent exposure to the fruit. People with severe allergies may be recommended to carry antihistamine medication or an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) at all times.
A healthcare professional can perform tests to diagnose a kiwi allergy and determine its severity. Visiting an allergy specialist for a diagnosis is the best way to prevent allergic reactions. Allergy specialists can usually pinpoint what a person is allergic to, recommend ways to avoid triggers, and prescribe appropriate treatments.
It is important to note that the risk of a kiwi allergy in children is higher than in adults, and children may experience more severe reactions. In infants and small children, symptoms can range from mild to severe.
The most common variety of kiwi is the green kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), also known as the Hayward kiwi. Evidence suggests that 30 kDa thiol-protease actinidin may be a major kiwi allergen.
While kiwi is a common ingredient in various foods such as smoothies, fruit salads, prepackaged frozen fruits, fruit-based sorbet, gelato, and ice cream, it is essential to be vigilant and aware of potential allergens to ensure a safe and enjoyable dining experience.
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