First Reported Case of West Nile Virus in Canada This Year - Essential Information about the Disease Provided
In the heart of summer, health authorities in Canada have confirmed the first human case of West Nile virus (WNV) for the year 2021. The infected individual is an adult from Toronto, with no travel history outside the country[6].
West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito[1]. These mosquitoes typically bite around dusk and at night[3]. To protect against these bites, the Public Health Agency of Canada advises using insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535 on exposed skin[1]. Wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and treating clothing with permethrin is also recommended[1].
Controlling mosquitoes by removing standing water, which breeds them, and keeping window and door screens in good repair to prevent mosquito entry indoors are other effective measures[1].
Symptoms of West Nile virus infection commonly include fever, headache, nausea, and muscle aches[2]. In rare cases, it may lead to severe neurological diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis, which may cause long-term effects[2]. People with symptoms suggestive of WNV infection should contact their healthcare provider for evaluation[2].
No vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is currently available for WNV in humans[1][4][5]. Personal protection and mosquito control are the main preventive strategies[1][4][5].
It is essential to note that the number of reported cases of West Nile virus in Canada varies annually, with the risk of infection being low for most Canadians due to relatively few mosquitoes being infected with the virus[2]. However, older adults tend to be more susceptible to severe West Nile virus infections[2].
In very rare cases, people can also develop paralysis from West Nile virus[4]. In such cases, hospitals provide supportive care, including fluids and electrolytes, and rehabilitation if needed[4].
Previously, there were two cases of West Nile virus in Canada, but they were caused by travel outside the country[6]. Getting rid of standing water around homes or cottages helps prevent West Nile virus, as mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water[1].
West Nile virus was originally identified in the West Nile region of Uganda in 1937[7]. Since then, it has spread to various parts of the world, including North America.
In conclusion, while the risk of West Nile virus infection in Canada remains low, it is crucial to take precautions to protect against mosquito bites. By following recommended measures, we can significantly reduce the risk of contracting this virus and maintain a healthy and safe summer season.
References: [1] Public Health Agency of Canada. (2021). West Nile virus. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/west-nile-virus.html [2] Public Health Ontario. (2021). West Nile virus. Retrieved from https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/diseases-conditions/fact-sheets/west-nile-virus.pdf [3] Government of Canada. (2021). Protect yourself from mosquito bites. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/west-nile-virus/protect-yourself-mosquito-bites.html [4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). West Nile virus. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html [5] World Health Organization. (2021). West Nile virus. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/west-nile-virus [6] CBC News. (2021). First human case of West Nile virus in Canada confirmed in Toronto. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/west-nile-virus-toronto-1.6081669 [7] World Health Organization. (n.d.). West Nile virus. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/west-nile-virus
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